Practitioner Guide: Kupindura

Primary metrics:

• Nguva Yekutanga Mhinduro
• Nguva Yekuvhara
• Chinja Chikumbiro Chekuvhara Reshiyo

Kana usati watoverenga Practitioner Guide: Nhanganyaya - Zvinhu Zvekufunga nezvazvo Paunenge Uchidudzira Metrics, ndapota imbomira zvino uye uverenge gwaro iro.

Kupindura metrics chikamu chakakosha chekuongorora hutano hwepurojekiti (Eghbal, 2020), uye inonyanya kukosha kune vatsva vanotora kutora uye kuchengetedzwa kwevaripo varipo. Kupindura, kusanganisira nguva yekuvhara, ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukukwezva vatsva vepurojekiti (Fronchetti et al. 2019). Ongororo yeGitHub muna 2017 yakaona kuti kana uchifunga nezvekupa mupiro wakavhurika sosi, makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu muzana evabatsiri vakati vanopindura vaichengeta zvakanyanya kana zvakati zvakakosha. Vabatsiri vanogona kuora mwoyo kana vasingagamuchire mhinduro panguva uye yakakodzera kumupiro asi vanogona kukurudzirwa kana vakawana mhinduro yekukurumidza uye inobatsira pakubatsira kwavo. Kana mapurojekiti achipindura, anogona kuita kuti vanhu vade kupa zvakawanda kana kuramba vachipa. Mhinduro dzakakodzera nguva, dzine mufungo, uye dzemutsa kuvatsigiri dzinoratidza kuti unoonga basa ravo.

Kupindura kunogonawo kukanganisa mashandiro eprojekiti, kunyanya nezve zvikumbiro zvekuchinja (dhonza zvikumbiro / batanidza zvikumbiro). Kana chikumbiro cheshanduko chichitora nguva refu pasina kubatanidzwa, ndipo panowedzera kukakavara kunowedzera kusvika pakunyanya kuoma kana kusakwanisa kubvuma. Dzimwe nguva, mupiro haungambosanganisirwe nekuda kwekusawirirana, kupokana negwara reprojekiti, kana zvimwewo zvinotariswa. Muzviitiko izvozvo, zviri nani kuita kuti mumwe munhu azive nenzira ine mutsa uye ine mufungo kuti sei mupiro wavo usingagamuchirwi pane kumuchengeta achifembera uye kuwedzera kuvhiringidzika kwake nekushaiwa mhinduro. Unogona kuderedza chikwereti chehunyanzvi, kuderedza basa remuchengeti, uye nekuvandudza kuchengetedza kwevanopa kuburikidza nekuteerera uye nekuenderana nemipiro.

Danho rechipiri: Ziva mafambiro

Kunyange paine zvakare nzira dzakaoma dzekutarisa kupindura, kutanga nemametric ekupindura kunogona kutwasanuka kana ukatanga nekuona maitiro. Nekutarisa Nguva Yekutanga Mhinduro, Nguva Yekuvhara, uye Chinja Chikumbiro Chekuvhara Reshiyo pamwe chete, unogona kuwana pfungwa yekuti vabatsiri vari kuwana mhinduro yakakodzera nguva uye kana uri kuenderana nemipiro nekuvhara zvikumbiro zvekuchinja (zvakabatanidzwa kana kuvharwa pasina kubatanidza).

Nguva Yekutanga Mhinduro

Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekutarisa Nguva Yekutanga Mhinduro, kusanganisira shanduko mune zvinoreva / yepakati. Zvakadaro, zvinobatsira kuenzanisa nhamba yese yezvikumbiro zvekuchinja nenhamba inopindurwa mukati meimwe bhenji inonzwisisika munharaunda yako, semuenzaniso, mazuva maviri ebhizinesi. Ini ndinoda nzira iyi nekuti iwe unogona kuona kuti huwandu hwehuwandu hwemipiro hunokanganisa sei kupindura kwako.

Iyi girafu inotarisa nguva yekutanga mhinduro kubva kumunhu. Izvi zvakakosha nekuti vanhu vanoisa basa rakawanda mumupiro uye vanogona kunge vachiona chikumbiro chekuchinja kana nyaya uye vakamirira kuona kuti inotambirwa sei. Kana ikagara ipapo pasina mhinduro kwemazuva nemavhiki, vanhu vanogona kuora mwoyo uye kunzwa sekunge vakatambisa nguva yavo. Muchiitiko ichi, chero mhinduro ingangove iri nani pane kusapindura, kunyangwe kana mhinduro iri yekuvatenda nekuvapa pfungwa yenguva yekutarisira mhinduro.

Nguva Yekuvhara

Nepo nguva yekupindura kwekutanga inoratidza kuti unopindura sei kana mumwe munhu atanga mupiro, nguva yekuvhara inopa ruzivo rwekuti purojekiti inokurumidza sei kutora chikumbiro kubva pakutangwa kusvika pakupedzwa. Nguva yekuvhara inowanzo shandiswa pakuchinja zvikumbiro uye nenyaya, asi inogona kushanda kune mamwe marudzi ezvipo. Kufanana nenguva yekupindura kwekutanga, vanopa vanogona kuora mwoyo kana vachinzwa sekuti mipiro yavo haisi kufambira mberi uye kuenda kunopedzisa.

Imwe yambiro nenguva yekuvhara ndeyekuti nguva inotora kupedzisa chikumbiro kana kuvhara nyaya inosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nekuoma. Pazvikumbiro zvekuchinja, shanduko yemutsara mumwe inogona kazhinji kupedzwa munguva pfupi pfupi, nepo, kugadziridza kwakazara kwechikamu chikuru kungada nguva yakareba kuti iongororwe uye kuyedzwa isati yabatanidzwa. Nguva yekuvharisa nyaya inotochinja uye inogona kutora chero kubva pamaminetsi mashoma kusvika kumakore akawanda nekuti dzimwe nyaya dzinogona kuita diki diki zvekuti hadzina kumbokwirira zvekuti chero munhu angafunga kuzvigadzirisa.

Nekuda kwekusiyana uku, kazhinji ipfungwa yakanaka kutarisa nguva yepakati yekuvhara mukuwedzera kune avhareji yenguva yekuvhara, sezvo yepakati ingangove padyo nekuona kunoita vanhu huwandu hwenguva inodiwa kufambisa chimwe chinhu kuti chipere.

Kuvhara Ratio

Pamusoro pekutarisa nguva inotora kuti uwane mhinduro yekutanga uye kufambisa mupiro kuvharwa, zvakakoshawo kuti unzwisise kuti chirongwa chiri kufambirana sei nemipiro. Semuenzaniso, nhamba huru yezvikumbiro zvekudhonza zvakazaruka dzimwe nguva zvinoonekwa sechiratidzo chekuti vanochengetedza "havana kunyanya kungwarira mukubata nevanhu vari kunze kweprojekiti, sezvo chikumbiro chega chega chekukwevera chinoratidza kupihwa kwekodhi iyo iri kufuratirwa pane kugamuchirwa, kurambwa. kana kutaura pamusoro" (Dabbish et al. 2012).

Iyi girafu inotarisa reshiyo yekuvharwa yezvikumbiro zvekuchinja (batanidza zvikumbiro / kudhonza zvikumbiro) kuona kana purojekiti ichienderana nemipiro inouya. Izvi zvakakosha kune zvikonzero zviviri. Zvikumbiro zvekare zvekuchinja dzimwe nguva zvinogara kwenguva yakareba nekuti vanochengeta havadi kuudza mumwe munhu kuti hazvigamuchirwe, kazhinji nezvikonzero zvakanaka, sekusapindirana kwekuvaka kana kumwe kupokana negwara reprojekiti. Izvi zvinosiya vanopa rubatsiro vakarembera uye vasina chokwadi chekuti sei chikumbiro chavo chisiri kubatanidzwa, izvo zvinogona kutambisa nguva yevanhu uye kuratidza zvisina kunaka chirongwa. Muchiitiko ichi, zvingabatsira kugovera rovedzo kuvatarisiri pamusoro poukoshi hwokupfiga zvikumbiro zvechinjo uye nzira yokuzviita nayo nokunzwira urombo nomutsa kuvanhu vanoisa mubasa rokupa. Kana kunyange hutano hwakanaka, zvikumbiro zvekuchinja zvakakosha hazvisi kubatanidzwa mune imwe nguva inonzwisisika, izvi zvinogona kuratidza kuti chirongwa chacho hachina vachengeti vakakwana kana kuti vanochengetedza havana bandwidth yekuchengeta. Mushure mechinguva, zvinove zvisingaite kubatanidza zvikumbiro zvekare zveshanduko nekuti kazhinji kazhinji kune makakatanwa akawanda ekubatanidza kuti agadziriswe nemazvo.

Danho 2: Kuongororwa

Sezvakataurwa muNhungamidzo yeMudzidzisi, munofanira kutanga nekuratidza ruzivo kune vamwe vanhu vane chekuita neprojekti kuitira kuti mutarise pamwe chete mafambiro anoonekwa mumagirafu aya moadudzira maererano nezvimwe zvinhu zvingangove zvichiitika chirongwa. Semuenzaniso, nguva yekutanga mhinduro uye kuvhara reshiyo magirafu muChikamu 1 inoratidza gaka rakakosha muna Chikunguru naNyamavhuvhu, izvo zvinogona kundinetsa zvakanyanya kana yaive imwe nguva yegore. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinogona kureva kuti vanhu vanga vachitora zororo rezhizha, izvo zvingangove zvine hutano kune vanochengetedza chirongwa.

Kana maitiro achiratidza kuti kupindura kuri kuderera zvishoma nezvishoma mumwedzi yakati wandei, saka ingave nguva yekufunga kuti sei. Mune girafu riri pamusoro, unogona kuona kuti kusvika munaJune, chirongwa ichi chaive chichienderana nezvikumbiro zvavo zvekudhonza mwedzi wega wega, asi nguva pfupi yadarika vakasarira kumashure. Ingori pamusoro pemwedzi mishoma, saka iyi inogona kunge isiri nyaya, uye nyaya yacho inogona kunge yakakonzerwa nezvakati wandei zvinhu izvo zvingave zvisingaratidze matambudziko ari pasi pekupindura:

• Kuwedzera kwezvipo kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu kunogona kunge kwakagadzira kumashure kwavachiri kushanda.
• Nekuti huwandu hwezvikumbiro zvekudhonza hwakaderera, vanogona kunge vakagamuchira akati wandei akaomarara zvikumbiro zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti zvibatanidzwe.

Nekudaro, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukonzeresa izvo zvinogona kuve kunetseka. Semuyenzaniso, pamwe mumwechete kana vakawanda vevanhu vakakosha havana nguva yakakwana yekuzvipira kuchirongwa, kana kuti pamwe kuwanda kwenhamba yezvikumbiro zvekudhonza inopfuura yavanokwanisa kubata.

Paunenge uchiongorora nguva yekuvhara, inogona kubatsira kutarisa nguva yekuvhara maitiro nekufamba kwenguva. Muchirongwa ichi nguva yekuvhara maitiro iri kuwedzera uye kutora nguva yakareba kuvhara nyaya, asi zviri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvingangodaro kuti purojekiti yave yakakura uye yakaoma zvikuru mumakore mashanu anoratidzwa mugirafu ino, saka izvi zvinogona kuva kuwedzera kunogamuchirwa. Zvingave zvakanaka kuti utarise zvakaitika panguva yezvishoma zveaya maspikes makuru kuti uone zvaiitika uye wosarudza kana paine chimwe chinhu chaunogona kuita zvakasiyana kubata zvirinani zvipikisi izvozvo.

Nhanho 3: Unganidza Yekuwedzera Dhata kana ichidikanwa

Mienzaniso inoshandiswa muNhanho 1 ne2 inopa pekutangira iyo inogona kukwidziridzwa kuti itarise ma metrics ekuteerera akafanana pane akasiyana machaneli (semuenzaniso, nyaya, shanduko zvikumbiro, wongororo)

CHAOSS ine mamwe mametric ane chekuita nekupindura anogona kubatsira kuongorora matambudziko mukati menharaunda yako.

Metrics:

• Ongorora Nguva Yekutenderera mukati meChikumbiro Chekuchinja
• Chinja Nguva Yezvikumbiro
• Chinja Chikumbiro Chekudzokorora Nguva
• Nyaya Yemhinduro Nguva
• Nyaya Yekugadziriswa Kwenguva
• Defect Resolution Duration

Danho 4: Itai Magadzirirwo

Zvinogona kuedza kuedza kugadzirisa nyaya nekupindura nekuisa zvakanyanya kumanikidziro kune vachengeti varipo nekuvakumbira kuti vapindure nekukurumidza uye kugadzirisa mamwe mipiro, asi izvi hazviwanzogadzirisa dambudziko renguva refu. Zvinogona kuguma nemubairo wenguva pfupi, asi zvinogona kukuvadza kunharaunda uye chirongwa nekufamba kwenguva kana iwe uchipisa vachengeti vako nekusagadzirisa matambudziko ari kukonzera kushaikwa kwekupindura pakutanga.

Kana ukaona kudavidza kuri kudzikira, ingangove nguva yekufambisa vamwe vabatsiri kuita mabasa eutungamiri uye kusimudzira vamwe vabatsiri kuti vave vatarisiri vepurojekiti yako. Iwe unogona kutanga nekutarisa kune vanopa mukati meprojekti yako kuti uwane vanhu vari kupa nguva nenguva asi vasiri vagadzirisi. Danho rekutanga rakanaka nderekusimudzira vamwe vabatsiri kuita basa rekuongorora apo vanogona kuderedza mutoro kune vanochengeta nekuongorora mipiro kubva kune dzimwe nhengo dzenharaunda. Vanhu vazhinji vanoongorora mipiro vanofanirwa kupa nguva inokurumidza yekupindura kwekutanga uye yakagadziridzwa shanduko yekuvharisa reshiyo sezvo vanochengeta vachange vaine basa shoma rekuita pamupiro wega wega, uye vanogona kutarisa pazvinhu zvinoda hunyanzvi mukati meprojekiti. Iwe unofanirwawo kufunga kana varipo varipo vakagadzirira kutora basa rekuchengetedza mukati meprojekiti, uye vanogona kutanga nekutarisira nzvimbo imwechete mukati me repository vachishandisa OWNERS kana CODEOWNERS mafaira kutarisira kuwana. Kana iwe usati watova nemagwaro akanaka pamusoro pemabasa eutungamiri mukati mepurojekiti yako, ungangoda kutsanangura zvirinani mabasa uye mabasa evanopa, vanoongorora, uye vanochengeta, izvo zvinogona kubatsira nekutsvaga vanhu vatsva mumabasa aya uchishandisa chimwe chinhu chakaita se contributor ladder. Ndapota onai Contributor Sustainability Practitioner Guide kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekutsvaga vabatsiri uye kuvafambisa mumabasa ehutungamiri.

Zvinogonawo kubatsira kuisa tarisiro dzakajeka apo mumwe munhu anogona kutarisira mhinduro. Semuyenzaniso, contributing.md guide inogona kuzivisa vabatsiri nezveavhareji kana inotarisirwa nguva yekupindura. Iwe unogona zvakare kufunga nezve kusanganisa ruzivo nezve nguva yekuenda kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukonzera kunonoke mukupindura nezviitiko zvepurojekiti yako kana mepu yemugwagwa kuratidza kuti mhinduro inogona kunonoka.

Imwe nzira yekudzikisa kukakavara kweanoongorora uye kuita kuti zvive nyore kune vanochengeta kuongorora mipiro ndeye kushandisa buritsa uye shandura chikumbiro matemplate kubatsira vabatsiri kuti vaite mipiro yakanaka inoda basa shoma kubva kune vanochengeta. Heano a mienzaniso mishoma yemhando yezvinhu iwe ungangoda kusanganisa mune aya matemplate uye mune ako ekupa mazano:

• Usatumire shanduko pamusoro pe X mitsara yekodhi (500-800 ingangove yakakodzera chikumbaridzo)
• Usatumire shanduko dzinobata anopfuura X nhamba yemafaira (yakanaka faira rimwe chete, asi kana uchifanira kushandura akawanda ane hukama mafaera, chengeta iwo scoped kune chimwe chinhu / nyaya pachikumbiro chekuchinja)
• Chengetedza zvikumbiro zvekuchinja mumapazi akasiyana.
• Taura zvakajeka kuti ndedzipi macheki achaitwa pachikumbiro chekuchinja asati abatanidzwa (semuenzaniso, macheki emhando, linters, bvunzo masutu, akasaina anoita, chitupa chekusimudzira checheki).
• Bvisa mitemo nemienzaniso yekupa mazita, kumaka, uye kuisa mazita ezvikumbiro zvekuchinja.
• Ipa zvinotarisirwa kuti zviongororwe (semuenzaniso, tinoedza kusasiya nyaya / kushandura zvikumbiro zvakavhurika kweanopfuura mazuva X, tinoita kuseri kwemashure mazuva ega eX / mavhiki / mwedzi.)

Yambiro ine nyaya uye shanduko yekukumbira matemplate ndeyekuti iwe unofanirwa kutsvaga chiyero pakati pekuwana ruzivo rwakakwana kuti zvive nyore kune vanochengeta kuongorora zvikumbiro, usiri kubvunza ruzivo rwakawanda zvekuti unovhundutsa vatsva vanobatsira vasati vapa.

Taura nevachengeti vako uye uone kuti ndezvipi zvimwe zvavanopedza nguva pazviri. Kana vachengeti vakapedza nguva yakawanda pazvinhu zvakaita sekutonga kwenharaunda, zvinyorwa, kana mamwe mabasa asiri ekunyora kodhi, saka kutora vanhu kuti vabatsire mumabasa iwayo inguva yakashandiswa zvakanaka. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinyorwa zvakagadziridzwa zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza basa remuchengeti; semuenzaniso, kana vagadziri vakapedza nguva yakawanda vari pabhodhi revanopa kana kupindura mibvunzo nezve maitirwo emupiro, pamwe zvirinani zvinyorwa zvepaboarding kana madhiraivha evanopa anogona kusunungura imwe nguva yekuisa pfungwa pakupindura kune inouya mipiro.

Nhanho yechinomwe: Tarisa Mibairo

Matarisiro aunoita zvabuda zvinoenderana nekuvandudzwa kwawafunga kuita. Kuenderera mberi nekutarisa nguva yekupindura kwekutanga, nguva yekuvhara, uye kuchinja chikumbiro chekuvhara reshiyo kutanga kwakanaka. Kana iwe wakashandisa imwe data kubva kuChikamu 3, iwe unofanirwawo kutarisa iwo metrics.

Kana iwe uchitsvaga vabvumiri vatsva nevagadziri, zvinogona kutora nguva kuti uone mibairo yezviyedzo izvozvo, saka unogona kusaona budiriro yakakosha kwemwedzi mitatu kusvika kumitanhatu.

Kudavirwa kunogona kuve kwakaoma metric yekuvandudza nekuti zvinhu zvakawanda zviri kuitika mukati meprojekiti yako zvinogona kukanganisa kudavirwa, uye zvakajairika kuti vanhu vatarise pakupindura uye kuona kuvandudzwa kwenguva pfupi kunopera zvakare kana vanhu vakamira kuisa pfungwa pazviri. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kupindura ingangoita metric yaunofanirwa kugara uchitarisa kuti uri kutarisa pairi here, kana kuti kwete.

Kuchenjerera uye Kufunga

• Kupindura kwakaoma kuongorora nekuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa kuterera, saka usaore moyo kana kuedza kwako kwekutanga kukasaunza budiriro.

Kuwedzera Kuverenga

• Tine a short video (<3 maminetsi) akazvipira kune ino gwara pane CHAOSS YouTube chiteshi.
• The Contributor Sustainability Practitioner Guide ine ruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro pekutora vabatsiri uye kuvaendesa mumabasa ehutungamiriri, semuongorori uye muchengeti.
• CHAOSScast chikamu nezve gwara rekupindura
• Kuyera Open Source chirongwa chehutano ine chikamu pamusoro pekupindura.
• Anatomy yeChikumbiro Chakakwana chekudhonza kuti uwane mamwe mazano pamusoro pehutungamiri hwaungapa kubatsira vanhu kupa zvipo zviri nani zviri nyore kune vanochengeta kuongorora.

Feedback

Tinoda kuve nemhinduro yekudzidza zvakawanda nezve mashandisiro ari kuita vanhu maCHAOSS Practitioner Guides uye kuti tingaavandudza sei nekufamba kwenguva. Ndapota pedzisa izvi ongororo pfupi kupa mhinduro yako.

Vabatsiri

Vanhu vanotevera vakabatsira pagwaro iri:

• Dawn Foster
• Chan Voong
• Remy DeCausemaker
• Luis Cañas Díaz
• Joachim Noreiko

References

• Dabbish, L., Stuart, C., Tsay, J., & Herbsleb, J. (2012, February). Social coding muGitHub: pachena uye kubatana mune yakavhurika software repository. In Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on computer support cooperative work (pp. 1277-1286).
• Eghbal, Nadia (2020). Kushanda Paruzhinji: Kugadzira uye Kugadziriswa kweOpen Source Software. Stripe Press.
• Fronchetti, F., Wiese, I., Pinto, G., & Steinmacher, I. (2019). Chii chinokwezva vatsva kuti vapinde mumapurojekiti eoss? tl; dr: mukurumbira. MuOpen Source Systems: 15th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2019, Montreal, QC, Canada, Chivabvu 26–27, 2019, Proceeds 15 (pp. 91-103). Springer International Publishing.
• GitHub (2017). GitHub Open Source Survey 2017 [Data set]. https://github.com/github/open-source-survey/

CHAOSS Practitioner Guides vane MIT rezenisi, magwaro ekurarama, uye isu tinogamuchira mhinduro yako nekuisa. Unogona kurongera gwaro iri pa https://github.com/chaoss/wg-data-science/blob/main/practitioner-guides/responsiveness.md