Practitioner Guide: Kutanga Nekuita Sangano

Primary metrics:

• Pesvedzero Yesangano
• Kusiyana Kwehurongwa
• Elephant Factor

Kana usati watoverenga Practitioner Guide: Nhanganyaya - Zvinhu Zvekufunga nezvazvo Paunenge Uchidudzira Metrics, ndapota imbomira zvino uye uverenge gwaro iro.

Masangano anogona kuita zvakakosha pahutano nekuenderera mberi kwechirongwa chakavhurika sosi. Kune rimwe divi, masangano anogona kubatsira kuchengetedza mapurojekiti nekufamba kwenguva nekushandisa vanhu kushanda pamapurojekiti akavhurika avanoshandisa kana nekupa zvimwe zviwanikwa kumapurojekiti iwayo (Egbahl 2016). Mhedzisiro iyi yakanaka ndeyechokwadi kune mapurojekiti anotsigirwa zvakanyanya neakasiyana masangano apo pasina kambani imwe inotonga kana kutonga chirongwa, uye chirongwa chinoitwawo nenheyo isina kwayakarerekera.

Miller et al. (2019) yakaona kuti vanopa vanopa mipiro yavo yakawanda panguva yebasa vaisanyanya kusiya purojekiti; zvisinei, kana vaenda, vanogona kusiya mapurojekiti nekuda kwezvikonzero zvebasa (semuenzaniso, kuwana basa idzva). Saka kune rumwe rutivi, kutora chikamu kwesangano kunogona kubatsira kuwedzera kusimba kwemapurojekiti akavhurika, kunyanya kana paine kutora chikamu kubva kumasangano akasiyana. Iyo njodzi yakawedzera yekudzikira kwekusimba inobva pakuve nesangano rimwechete rinotonga mupurojekiti, sezvo kuchengetwa kwevashandi mukati mesangano iroro kunogonawo kukanganisa kusimba kwechirongwa kana vashandi vakasiya sangano.

Kana yese kana mizhinji yemipiro ichibva kuvashandi vekambani imwe chete, chii chinoitika kana kambani iyo ine shanduko muhurongwa, kana kuwanikwa, kana kupera mari uye kubuda mubhizinesi? Iyo purojekiti yaizokwanisa kuenderera mberi kana kambani inotungamira yakaburitsa vashandi vayo vese kubva muprojekiti? Makambani anowanzoita zvisarudzo zvebhizimisi zvinogona kuguma nekurega kupa vashandi mari kuti vashande pane purojekiti yakazaruka, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti mapurogiramu arasikirwe nenhamba huru yevachengeti panguva imwe chete (Egbahl 2016). Kunyanya, mapurojekiti emutengesi akavhurika sosi, kunyanya anotsigirwa nemakambani makuru etekinoroji, anogona kunge asingaite senjodzi, asi anogona kukurumidza kusashanda kune mamwe masangano mushure mekuchinja kwerezenisi (Foster 2024) kana kambani inotungamira (kana vamwe vanopa rubatsiro kubva iyo kambani) mira kushanda pachirongwa.

Kubva pamaonero ezvipo, zvinogona kunetsa kukwira mukati mechirongwa kana kuti kunyange kuita kuti mipiro yako ibatanidzwe kana sangano rimwechete rine simba rose uye vamwe vanhu vasinganzwi sevari kutora chikamu sevakaenzana.

Danho rechipiri: Ziva mafambiro

Dambudziko guru rekuona kurudziro yesangano mumapurojekiti akavhurika nderekuti data rekubatana kwesangano harina kumbobvira rave rakakwana kuti rishandise pasina kucheneswa nemaoko, nekuti rinowanzobva kune asina kukwana data masosi (semu email domains). Ona chikamu cheDiagnostics gare gare mugwaro rino kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvenyaya iyi.

Nzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga kutarisa Elephant Factor kuona kuti basa rinogovaniswa sei pakati pemasangano akawanda pamwe chete Kusiyana Kwehurongwa kutarisa kuti ndeapi masangano ari kupa zvipo. Pakupedzisira, zvakakoshawo kufunga nezvazvo Pesvedzero Yesangano kunzwisisa kuti ndeapi masangano ane vashandi muhutungamiriri kana zvimwe zvinzvimbo zvekuita sarudzo.

Elephant Factor

The Elephant factor inotarisa kugoverwa kwebasa mukati memunharaunda mumasangano ose. Chinangwa chikuru chemetric iyi ndechekuona kana basa riri mukati meprojekti rinopedzwa nevanhu vanoshandira sangano rimwechete kana nhamba shoma yemasangano. Kana basa rakawanda riri kuitwa nevashandi vanoshanda pakambani imwe chete (semumuenzaniso uri pazasi), chirongwa chinogona kunge chiri riskier kushandisa uye chakaoma kugovera pane chirongwa chine mipiro inopararira pamusoro pemasangano mazhinji asina sangano rimwechete riri kutonga.

Kusiyana Kwehurongwa

Kazhinji zviono zvakafanana zvinoshandiswa kuona Nzou Factor inogona kushandiswawo kutarisa kuOrganization Diversity. Semuenzaniso, girafu rapfuura reNzou Factor rinokuudzawo kuti ndeapi masangano ane masimba mukati menharaunda. Zvinogona kubatsirawo kutarisa Kusiyana Kwesangano munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenharaunda yako kuti uone kana dzimwe nzvimbo munharaunda yako dziine siyana kana kushoma kwesangano pane dzimwe.

Pesvedzero Yesangano

Kurudziro yesangano chiyero chesimba rine sangano pamusha wakavhurika. Zvinogona kuoma kuyera kupfuura mamwe ma metrics nekuti zvinowanzo sanganisira kutarisa masangano anoshandisa vanhu mumabasa ehutungamiriri (semuenzaniso, mabhodhi, mapoka anoshanda, vanochengeta, vanozvipira). Kazhinji izvi zvinoda ongororo yemaoko kuburikidza nekutarisa hutongi kana mamwe magwaro ane ruzivo nezvezvinzvimbo zveutungamiri. Kune mashoma mapurojekiti, izvi zvinogona kuve nyore kana data rehutungamiriri rakachengetwa mumafaira ane data rakarongeka, senge mumuenzaniso unotevera we Istio Hutungamiri Zvinzvimbo. Sezvauri kuona mumuenzaniso weIstio, zvinogona kubatsira kutarisa kuti kurudziro yesangano inoshanduka sei nekufamba kwenguva.

Kubvumbi 2022 Istio isati yapinda muCNCF sechirongwa cheIncubating munaGunyana 30:

June 2023 nguva pfupi vasati vagamuchirwa seCNCF Graduate project munaChikunguru 12:

Danho 2: Kuongororwa

Dambudziko hombe nekuona mafambiro emasangano muakavhurika sosi mapurojekiti nderekuti data rekubatana kwesangano harina kumbobvira rave rakakwana kuti rishandise pasina kuita mamwe manyore kuchenesa. Maturusi mazhinji, anosanganisira CHAOSS's GrimoireLab naAugur vanonyanya kutsamira pane email kero domain (eg, google.com, microsoft.com) kuona panoshanda mumwe munhu, asi vanhu vanowanzo shandisa kero dzeemail dzisina kwazvakarerekera (semuenzaniso, gmail.com) kana neimwe nzira email (semuenzaniso, vashandisi.noreply), akawanda machati ane data yesangano haabatsiri kunze kwebhokisi.

Imwe nzira ndeyekushandisa sangano iro vanhu vakawedzera kumaprofiles avo, asi kubva pane zvakaitika tinoziva kuti vashoma vanhu vanoisa iyo data uye nekuti ndeye freeform zvinyorwa, kunyangwe ivo vachizvizadza, kazhinji hazvienderane zvakakwana zvekuti hazvigone kuve. kushandiswa zviri nyore (semuenzaniso, IBM, International Business Machines, IBM GmbH). Zvakawanda zvakare kuti vanhu vanochinja basa, saka haungofanire kuziva panoshanda mumwe munhu, unofanirwa kuzivawo paakashanda ipapo. Nehurombo, kana iwe uchinyatsoda kunzwisisa maitiro esangano pane yakavhurika sosi purojekiti, nzira inovimbika yekuita izvi ndeyekutarisa nemaoko data, kuchenesa hukama husina chokwadi, uye kuchengetedza izvo zviri mumetrics yako chishandiso kana mamwe seti yedata. The GrimoireLab Kuronga Hat chishandiso ndiyo imwe sarudzo yekugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza yakacheneswa affiliation data. Iyo CNCF inochengetedza yakanaka (asi isina kukwana) dataset yezvibatanidzwa zvesangano kune vanogadzira vanobatsira kumapurojekiti avo, uye vanoita izvi muchidimbu nekukurudzira vanogadzira / masangano kuti vagadzirise ruzivo rwavo, asi zvakare vanoshandisa mukontrakta wenguva yakazara kuti atarise nemaoko shanduko uye kugadzirisa.

Sezvataurwa muNhungamidzo yeVadzidzisi, unofanira kutanga nekutaura nevanhu vashoma vari muchirongwa ichi, sezvo vangangoziva chimwe chinhu pamusoro penzvimbo inosevenza vanhu uye mamwe masimba esangano angangove asiri pachena kubva muruzivo rwakadzama.

Kana uchinge wachenesa data rekubatana kwesangano, wobva watanga kududzira. Kana rakawanda rebasa riri kuitwa nevashandi vanoshanda pakambani imwe chete (semumuenzaniso uyu), chirongwa chinogona kunge chisiri chekushandisa uye chakaoma kugovera pane chirongwa chine mipiro inopararira pamusoro pemasangano mazhinji asina sangano riri kutonga.

Kana ichi chiri chirongwa chiri kufambiswa nesangano rako uye iwe uri mupiro mukuru, unofanira kufunga kuti unoda chaizvo here kukurudzira mipiro kubva kune vamwe masangano kana kuti unoda kuti vamwe vabatsire.

Nhanho 3: Unganidza Yekuwedzera Dhata kana ichidikanwa

CHAOSS ine mamwe mametric ane hukama nesangano mashandiro ayo anogona kubatsira kuona mamwe matambudziko munharaunda yako.

Mamwe Metrics:

• Contribution Attribution
• Job Opportunities
• Labor Investment
• Sangano reProjekti Unyanzvi Kudiwa

Danho 4: Itai Magadzirirwo

Paunenge watarisana nepurojekiti ine imwechete (kana nhamba diki) yemasangano ane vashandi vanopa mipiro yakawanda, magadzirirwo aunoita izvi zvinoenderana nekuti vashandi vesangano rako ndivo vanonyanya kubatsira here kana kuti chirongwa ichi chinotongwa nevashandi. vanoshandira rimwe sangano.

Sangano Rako Rinotonga

Muchiitiko ichi, danho rekutanga nderekufunga zvakasimba pamusoro pekuti iwe unoda chaizvo kukumbira mipiro kubva kune vashandi vanoshandira mamwe masangano uye kana vachengeti vako vakagadzirirwa kuti vabudirire kutarisira zvipo izvozvo.

Kunyange zvisina kunaka, mune dzimwe nguva zvingave zvakanaka kuti usakumbire mipiro kubva kune vanhu vari kunze kwesangano rako. Nekudaro, kana zviri izvo, saka iwe unofanirwa kuve wakajeka kwazvo pamusoro peizvi mune yako mipiro madhairekitori uye mamwe magwaro eprojekiti. Zvinhu zvishoma zvinoshungurudza kupfuura kuita mupiro chete kuona kuti vanongogamuchira mipiro kubva kuvashandi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, panogona kunge paine nzvimbo mukati mepurojekiti yako kwaunoda kuti vanhu vape uye nzvimbo dzakanyanya kuomera vasiri vashandi kuti vape. Iwe unofanirwawo kuve pachena nezve kana / sei vanhu vanobva kune mamwe masangano vanogona kufamba mukuchengetedza kana mamwe mabasa ehutungamiriri mukati mezvinyorwa zveprojekiti yako. Kuve akajeka uye pachena pamusoro pezvinotarisirwa zvinoderedza kushushikana uye kuvhiringidzika kwevashandi nevamwe vapi.

Kana iwe uchida mipiro kubva kune vamwe, iwe unofanirwa kupedza imwe nguva uchifunga nezvekuti sei usiri kuwana iyo mipiro kare. Chinodzivirira kushaikwa kwekubuda pachena kana zviri pachena kuti sarudzo uye nhaurirano dziri kuitika mumatanho evashandi vega, paunenge uchishandisa mabhegi emukati uye maturusi ekugadzira migwagwa anogona kuwanikwa nevashandi chete, kana zvisiri pachena kuti vanopa rubatsiro vangatora sei. mamwe mabasa uye hutungamiriri mukati meprojekiti. Kushaikwa kwejekerere uku kunoita kuti zviome zvikuru kuti vanochengeta vabudirire. Vagadziri vanofanira kukwanisa kugovera zvinongedzo kunhaurirano dzakapfuura, sarudzo dzakaitwa, nyaya, uye rimwe basa nevari kunze kana vachikurukura kuti sei mupiro uchifanira kuvandudzwa kana kusagamuchirwa. Kana muchengeti achida kuchera maturusi emukati, kuunganidza ruzivo, uye kusarudza kuti ndezvipi zvikamu zvinogona / zvisingagone kugovaniswa, saka haakwanise kupindura kune vekunze vanopa munguva uye inoshanda. Zvinogona kana kusashanda kuendesa basa rakapfuura pachena, sezvo panogona kunge paine ruzivo rwakadzama nezvevatengi uye rumwe ruzivo rwepachivande rwunogona kutumirwa nevashandi mukati. Nekudaro, izvi zvinogona kugadziriswa nekufamba kwenguva nekuita shuwa kuti ramangwana basa reprojekiti rinoitika chete mumatanho eruzhinji. Izvi zviri nyore kutaura, asi kazhinji zvakaoma kuita, uye ungangoda kudzidzisa vamwe vashandi maitirwo ebasa iri pachena. Semuyenzaniso, vachengeti vangada kudzidziswa kuita hurukuro dzakaoma uye kupindura netsitsi apo vachitungamira chirongwa; uye mamaneja echigadzirwa akajaira kuunganidza zvinodiwa mumisangano yevatengi vangangoda rubatsiro kugadzirisa maitiro avo uye maturusi ekuita izvi pachena. Zvingangoitawo kuti uchada kupurisa izvi kwekanguva nekuva nevanopa rubatsiro uye vanochengetedza vanodzosera hurukuro dzepachivande mumatanho eruzhinji nekuti maitiro akaoma kutyora.

Kana iwe uchida mipiro uye kuita kuti chirongwa chigadziriswe kuitira kuti basa riitike pachena uye pachena, inguva yekutanga kuunganidza. Mapurojekiti ane hwaro hwakasimba hwevashandisi vane vashoma vanotora vanogona kukwezva vanopa, saka kana iwe usina vanhu kunze kwekambani yako vachishandisa purojekiti yako, unofanirwa kutanga nekutengesa chirongwa chako kune yakakodzera mushandisi base. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nesocial media, mharidzo kumakonferensi, mablog blog uye mamwe akajairika nzira dzekushambadzira.

Tichifunga kuti une vashandisi varipo, zvingangoita kuti unoziva vamwe vevanhu vari kushandisa chirongwa chako. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti havasi vese vashandisi vachafarira kupa, saka zvinogona kutora nguva kuwana vanhu chaivo, asi usazeze kushandisa hukama huri nesangano rako nevatengi nemamwe masangano anoshanda munzvimbo dzine hukama. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, nekuita kuti vashandi vabatsire, iwe unogona kunge usina kuisa tarisiro yekuti vashandi vako vachagara vari ivo vanoita basa, saka kuunganidza mupiro wekutanga kubva kune imwe sangano inhanho yekutanga yekugadzirisa izvo zvinotarisirwa. Kupa mazano kwakaratidzwa kuva nzira inoshanda uye inobudirira pane vanhu vanobva kunze kwesangano rako kuti uvabatsire kubudirira mubasa rako nekukurumidza (Fagerholm et al. 2014). Zvakanaka zvekutanga nyaya uye rubatsiro rwaidiwa mabhii mavambo akanaka, asi iwe zvakare uchada kukurumidza kusvika kune vangangobatsira kuti ukumbire rubatsiro rwavo nebasa rakananga reprojekiti, uye iwe uchada kuve nemagwaro ekuti vamwe vangafamba sei mukuchengetedza. kana mamwe mabasa ehutungamiri. Zvose izvi zvinotsanangurwa zvakadzama mu Contributor Sustainability Practitioner Guide.

Imwe Sangano ndiyo Inotonga

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, iwe unogona kufarira kushandisa uye kupa kune purojekiti iyo yakawanda / yese yezvipo inobva kune vashandi kune rimwe sangano. Iwe unofanirwa kutanga nekuita mukati memunharaunda kuti unzwisise zviri nani kana vachida mipiro kubva kuvashandi vanoshandira mamwe masangano, uye kana zvakadaro, kana paine zvirambidzo pamabatiro angaita vashandi vako. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, ruzivo urwu runogona kuwanikwa muhutongi kana muzvinyorwa zvemipiro, asi kana zvisiri, ungangoda kuita nzira dzekutaurirana dzepurojekiti. Imwe nzira yekuedza izvi ndeyekuvabvunza kuti vanyore hutongi huripo uye maitiro ekupa, uye kana vasingade kuinyora, purojekiti ingangove isiri iyo ingangove inogamuchirwa kune vanopa. Kushandisa iyo purojekiti inogona kuisa sangano rako panjodzi nekuti inowedzera mikana yekuchinja kwerezinesi (Foster 2024) kana kusashanda kana kambani inotungamira ikasiya chirongwa.

Kazhinji, mapurojekiti anoda kwazvo kuve nevatsigiri kubva kune mamwe masangano. Kana sangano rako richishandisa purojekiti, imwe yenzira dzakanakisa dzekubatsira kuti chirongwa ichocho chive chakasimba ndechekuita kuti vamwe vevashandi vako vabatsire pairi sechikamu chebasa ravo. Kuita kuti vashandi vako vabatsire kunopa sangano rako chigaro patafura kana zvisarudzo zviri kuitwa, uye zvinoderedza ngozi yako nokuti vashandi ivavo vanowanzoziva nezvekuchinja kukuru kweprojekti mberi.

Nhanho yechinomwe: Tarisa Mibairo

Matarisiro aunoita zvabuda zvinoenderana nekuvandudzwa kwaunosarudza kuita. Kuramba uchitarisa aya matatu metrics kutanga kwakanaka. Kana iwe wakashandisa imwe data kubva kuChikamu 3, iwe unofanirwawo kutarisa iwo metrics.

Zvinogona kutora nguva kuti mapurojekiti atore vashandisi nevabatsiri, saka zvinonyanya kukosha kutarisa kuti maitiro esangano anochinja sei nekufamba kwenguva semumuenzaniso wekutanga weIstio. Usaore mwoyo kana zvichitora nguva kuti uwane vanhu vazhinji vanopa mapurojekiti ako.

Kuchenjerera uye Kufunga

• Kana uchitarisa maitiro esangano pamapurojekiti akavhurika sosi, kuve pachena kwakakosha. Kutaura chinhu chimwe muzvinyorwa zvako uye kuita chimwe kunogona kukanganisa mukurumbira wesangano rako kupfuura kungotendeseka uye kubuda pachena nezvekuti vanhu vanogona sei (kana kusagona) kuita basa rako.
• Kana iwe uri kufunga kushandisa yakavhurika sosi purojekiti sechinhu chakakosha chezvigadzirwa zvako kana zvivakwa, iwe unofanirwa kunyatso funga nezvesarudzo iyoyo kana chirongwa ichi chichidzorwa nesangano rimwechete.

Kuwedzera Kuverenga

• Tine a short video (<3 maminetsi) akazvipira kune ino gwara pane CHAOSS YouTube chiteshi.
• CHAOSScast chikamu nezvegwaro iri.
• The Contributor Sustainability Practitioner Guide ine mazano anogona kushandiswawo kukurudzira mipiro kubva kuvashandi vemamwe masangano.
• Gary White akanyora chikamu chinoverengeka blog post series pamusoro pekuti ungafunga sei nezvekuongorora kugona kweprojekiti, uye kunyanya, iyo Metrics yeOSS Viability posvo inoenderana nenyaya iyi.

Feedback

Tinoda kuve nemhinduro yekudzidza zvakawanda nezve mashandisiro ari kuita vanhu maCHAOSS Practitioner Guides uye kuti tingaavandudza sei nekufamba kwenguva. Ndapota pedzisa izvi ongororo pfupi kupa mhinduro yako.

Vabatsiri

Vanhu vanotevera vakabatsira pagwaro iri:

• Dawn Foster
• Luis Cañas Díaz

References

• Eghbal, N. (2016). Migwagwa uye Mabhiriji: Basa Risingaonekwe Kuseri Kwedu Digital Infrastructure. New York, NY: Ford Foundation.
• Fagerholm, F., Guinea, AS, Münch, J., & Borenstein, J. (2014, September). Basa rekupa mazano uye hunhu hweprojekiti yekukwira mune yakavhurika sosi software mapurojekiti. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE international symposium on empirical software engineering and measurement (pp. 1-10).
• Foster, D. (2024, Mbudzi 13-14). Iyo Nyowani Dynamics yeAkavhurika Source: Relicensing, Forks, uye Nharaunda Impact. OpenForum Academy Symposium 2024, Boston, Massachusetts.
• Miller, C., Widder, DG, Kästner, C., & Vasilescu, B. (2019). Sei vanhu vachirega kubvisa flossing? chidzidzo chemubatsiri kusabatanidzwa mune yakavhurika sosi. MuOpen Source Systems: 15th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference, OSS 2019, Montreal, QC, Canada, Chivabvu 26–27, 2019, Proceeds 15 (pp. 116-129). Springer International Publishing.

CHAOSS Practitioner Guides vane MIT rezenisi, magwaro ekurarama, uye isu tinogamuchira mhinduro yako nekuisa. Unogona kurongera gwaro iri pa https://github.com/chaoss/wg-data-science/blob/main/practitioner-guides/organizational-participation.md