Practitioner Guide: Kutanga neContributor Sustainability

Primary metrics:

• Mubatsiri Kusavapo Factor
• Vabatsiri
• Mhando dzeMipiro

Kana usati watoverenga Practitioner Guide: Nhanganyaya - Zvinhu Zvekufunga nezvazvo Paunenge Uchidudzira Metrics, ndapota imbomira zvino uye uverenge gwaro iro.

Kusagadzikana kwevanopa chikamu chakakosha chekuongorora kana chirongwa chakavhurika sosi uye nharaunda ine vabatsiri vakakwana kuti purojekiti irambe ichienderera mberi kwenguva yakareba, saka kuenderera mberi kwevanopa kune simba guru pakuenderera mberi kweprojekiti. Kune akawanda mapurojekiti ane muchengeti mumwechete (ona xkcd Dependency), uye mapurojekiti mazhinji anonetsekana kuwana vanhu vakakwana kuti vatore chikamu mumapurojekiti avo uye kuramba vachiachengeta kwenguva refu (Egbahl 2016). Avelino et al. (2019) yakaona kuti kunyangwe mapurojekiti ane mukurumbira anogona kusiiwa zvachose uye otadza kupora kubva mukurasikirwa nevazhinji vanopa rubatsiro.

Chokwadi ndechekuti kune akawanda akavhurika sosi mapurojekiti uye haana kukwana vanopa, saka vanochengeta vari kuda rubatsiro rwemhando dzakasiyana dzemipiro dzinodiwa kuti tive nebudiriro uye inoenderera yakavhurika sosi chirongwa. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kufunga nezvekuti mupiro mutsva wega wega uchagadzira sei rimwe basa rekuti vanochengeta vatarise nekurigamuchira, iro rinogona kudzikiswa nekuve neakakodzera otomatiki, maitiro, uye zvinyorwa zvekubatsira vanopa kuti vabudirire, asi pakupedzisira, vamwe veava vanopa inoda kuve vachengeti kubata iro rekuwedzera basa kubva kune vatsva vanopa (Eghbal 2020).

Kana pasina vabatsiri vakakwana uye vanochengetedza kuti vatsigire chirongwa, izvi zvinowedzera njodzi dzekuti purojekiti ichakundikana, izvo zvinogadzira akasiyana anowanzo akakosha matambudziko kune vashandisi uye mamwe mapurojekiti anoenderana nawo.

Danho rechipiri: Ziva mafambiro

Pane zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinogona kukanganisa mubatsiri kusimbaradza. Nokutanga Mubatsiri Kusavapo Factor, unogona kuongorora njodzi kune purojekiti kana vatsigiri / vachengeti vakasarudza kusiya, asi zvakakoshawo kutarisa mamwe maitiro ane chokuita ne Vabatsiri pamwe ne Mhando dzeMipiro izvo vanhu vari kuita kuti vaone zvinogona kukonzera njodzi dzinogona kukanganisa kusimba kwese kweprojekiti yako.

Mubatsiri Kusavapo Factor

Contributor Absence Factor yakakosha pakunzwisisa contributor sustainability nekuti inoona mubvunzo wekuti "vangani vabatsiri vatingarasikirwa nazvo chirongwa chisati chamira?" Inobatsira kuona kuti basa repurojekiti rakagovaniswa zvakadii kune vanopa uye kuona vanhu vakakosha mupurojekiti iri kuita ruzhinji rwebasa. Kana iyo yakawanda yebasa iri kuitwa nemunhu mumwe chete kana nhamba shomanana yevanhu, inowedzera njodzi yokuti chirongwa chingave chisingagoneki kana munhu iyeye kana vanhu vakanga vasisashandi purojekiti (Avelino et al. 2019).

Vabatsiri

Iwo anogovera metric anotarisa zvakanyanya kuti ndiani anobatsira kuprojekiti uye anogona kuoneswa nenzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana. Nepo iwe uchigona kutarisa izvi senhamba imwe chete yevabatsiri nekufamba kwenguva, zvinogona kubatsira kutyora izvi kuti zvikubatsire kunzwisisa kuti vangani vanopa vari kushanda pamwe nevangani vari kuwedzera kana kudzikira chiitiko nekufamba kwenguva. Nepo mupiro wekushaikwa kwechinhu metric yakanaka pakuziva vabatsiri vakakosha, iwe unofanirwawo kuedza kunzwisisa kusimba kwevanopa zvakanyanya kuti utarise maitiro ese kune vese vanopa kuti uone kana urikusangana nekukura kana kudzikira.

Mhando dzeMipiro

Yakawanda, mipiro yakasiyana-siyana inokanganisa hutano hwepurojekiti yakavhurika uye kuenderera mberi, uye mipiro inogona kusanganisira kunyora kodhi, kutonga nharaunda, kuongorora tsikidzi, kuparidza evhangeri, kutsigira vashandisi, kana kubatsira nedzimwe nzira. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemipiro dzinogona kuratidza kuti purojekiti yakakura uye yakanyatso kutenderedzwa nebasa rakakwana kuchengetedza zvikamu zvese zvepurojekiti, uye kugonesa nzira dzehutungamiriri dzinotsigira dzakasiyana siyana dzemipiro uye vanhu vane hunyanzvi hwakasiyana kupfuura kukodha.

Danho 2: Kuongororwa

Sezvakataurwa muNhungamidzo yeVadzidzisi, munofanira kutanga nekutaura nevanhu vashoma vari muchirongwa ichi kuitira kuti mutarise pamwe chete maitiro uye moapirikira nenzira ine musoro kune chirongwa. Semuenzaniso, mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza kuti pamusoro pe60% yezvipimo muchirongwa ichi mugore rapfuura zvakaitwa nemunhu mumwe chete, izvo kazhinji zvinowedzera njodzi yekuti chirongwa ichi chinogona kusamira zvakanaka kana munhu iyeye kana vanhu vasingachashandi. pachirongwa. Zvisinei, zvakakoshawo kufunga pamusoro peizvi muchiedza chezvimwe zvikamu zvepurojekiti. Semuyenzaniso, kana chirongwa ichi chiri kunyanya magwaro ekuti vanhu vazhinji vane ruzivo rwekuvandudza kana kana iri kodhi iri nyore uye iri nyore kuti vamwe vanzwisise kana kana chirongwa ichi chichinyanya kushandiswa nemunhu mumwe chete, njodzi yacho ishoma. Nekune rimwe divi, kana purojekiti yakaoma, yakakura, uye / kana yakashandiswa zvakanyanya, saka njodzi yakakura uye chirongwa chinofanira kutarisisa kuunganidza vamwe vanopa uye vanochengeta kuti vawedzere kusimba kwevanopa.

Zvakakoshawo kutarisa mamwe maitiro ane chekuita nevanopa. Semuyenzaniso, girafu riri pazasi rinoratidza kuti vatsigiri vakasimba vakakwira uye ndokuramba chirongwa ichi, saka zvingave zvakakosha kuti uone kuti sei zvingave zvakadaro. Kana purojekiti iri chimwe chinhu chakasungirirwa munguva (semuenzaniso, ine chekuita nemusangano kana musangano) yakapedzwa kana purojekiti iyo yakawanda yebasa yakapedzwa uye isiri kuchengetedzwa zvishoma, iyi ingave nzira yakajairika kuona. Nekudaro, kana iri rakajairwa rakavhurika sosi purojekiti, izvi zvinogona kuratidza kuti pane zvakakomba zvinokanganisa kuchengetwa kwevanopa izvo zvinofanirwa kuongororwa uye kugadziriswa.

Nhanho 3: Unganidza Yekuwedzera Dhata kana ichidikanwa

CHAOSS ine mamwe ma metric ane hukama neanopa kusimudzira ayo anogona kubatsira kuongorora chaiwo matambudziko munharaunda yako.

Mamwe Metrics:

• Inosanganisira Hutungamiri
• Newcomer Experience
• Vatsva Vanopa
• Project Burnout
• Project Demographics

Danho 4: Itai Magadzirirwo

Kutsvaga vatsigiri vatsva vanogona kuva vachengeti kwakakosha pakubudirira kwemapurojekiti umo mubatsiri ane hutano, uye zvinotokwanisika kuti mamwe mapurojekiti adzoke kubva pakusiiwa nevagadziri vavo vekutanga kuburikidza nekutsvaga vachengeti vatsva (Avelino et al. 2019). Nekutarisisa nezvekutsvaga vabatsiri vatsva usati warasikirwa neako makiyi mugadziri (va) unogona kuva nenguva yekuenda kune vabatsiri uye nekudzivirira nekudzivirira dambudziko gare gare.

Pane zvinhu zvishoma izvo Mubatsiri Absence Factor anogona kukuudza izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kubatsira kufambisa kuvandudza kwevanopa kunoita kuti purojekiti yako ive yakasimba. Chekutanga, zvinokubatsira kuti usarudze kuti mamiriro ako epazvino anobatsira sei. Kana munhu mumwe chete ari kupa mipiro yakawanda uye purojekiti yakakura kana yakaoma, unofanira kutarisa nzira dzekugovera mutoro uye kuva nevanhu vakawanda vanobatanidzwa mubasa racho. Chechipiri, iyo Contributor Absence Factor metric inogona kukubatsira kuwana vanhu vangangove vachipa zvakawanda kupfuura zvawaona, izvo zvinogona kukubatsira kufunga pamusoro pekuti ndiani waungakurudzira kupa zvakawanda kana kutsvaga mumwe munhu anogona kupinda basa rekutungamira (semuenzaniso, muongorori kana muchengeti). Nekuremekedza mabasa ehutungamiriri, unogona kutarisa mumwe munhu ari kuita gumi kubva muzana yezvipo uye wosarudza kuti agadzirira kuve muchengeti. Imwe nzira yekuita izvi kudzikisa chiyero chevagadziri vatsva. Kana vasina kugadzirira kuve muchengeti wepurojekiti yese, pamwe vanogona kuchengetedza diki-purojekiti kana chimwe chikamu chepurojekiti ivo vachivaka hunyanzvi hwavo mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Imwe nzira yekuita izvi ndeye kushandisa OWNERS kana CODEOWNERS mafaira kupa vanhu basa renzvimbo dzakasiyana mukati medura rako, kusanganisira zvinyorwa kana zvikamu zvenharaunda. Vanhu vari kuita mashoma, asi mipiro yenguva dzose vanogona kunge vari vakwikwidzi vakanaka vekudzidziswa kana kuve vaongorori vane ziso rekuvaita vachengeti mushure mekuwana ruzivo rwakati wandei.

Zvakakoshawo kuti utarise magwara ako emupiro kana mamwe magwaro epaboarding kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti vachabatsira vanokwanisa kutangisa zviri nyore mukati meprojekiti yako (ona chikamu cheKuverengera Kuwedzera kune zvinongedzo). Zvinyorwa zvakanaka ndezvekuti tinoyera sei zvinhu zvinotora nguva yakakosha kune vagara vatoshanda zvakanyanya uye vanosunungura nguva yavo yekushanda pane zvimwe zvinhu. Zvirinani, mupi mutsva anofanirwa kunzwisisa nzira yekutenderedza nharaunda kwavanogona kuita budiriro yavo, zvinotarisirwa zvekuedzwa uye maitirwo ebvunzo, chero maitiro kana tarisiro yaunayo yekudhonza zvikumbiro, uye mirairo yezvimwe zvinodiwa. Kana izvi zvakanyorwa zvakanaka, vapi vatsva vanogona kutanga nerubatsiro rushoma kubva kune varipo vanochengetedza, izvo zvinogona kukuchengetedza nguva yakawanda mukufamba kwenguva (Eghbal 2020). Kana purojekiti isina yakanaka onboarding docs, vanochengeta vanogona kuvhiringidzika nehuwandu hwenguva yavanoshandisa pamibvunzo mitsva yevanopa, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti zviome kune vatsva vanopa kunzwa kugamuchirwa uye kutora nguva yakareba kuti vabudirire. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo vanhu vanoodzwa mwoyo uye vanokukurwa kubva pachirongwa chako. Izvi hazvireve kuti unofanirwa kupedza mazuva nemavhiki uchinyora magwaro akakwana ekukwira. Chero chinhu chiri nani pane hapana, uye kana ukatanga nezvinhu zvishoma zvinozobatsira vanhu kuti vatange nekukasira, vatsva vanobatsira vanogona chaizvo kubatsira kuita kuti magwaro ekukwira ave nani nekuwedzera mamwe magwaro nemimwe mirairo yezvinhu zvavakaona zvichivhiringidza kana zvavakanetseka nazvo. .

Kunyange zvazvo zvinyorwa zvepaboarding iri nzira huru yekuita kuti vanhu vatange pamwero, kudzidzisa kwakaratidzwa kuva nzira inobudirira uye inobudirira yevashandi vatsva kuvabatsira kuti vabudirire mubasa renyu nekukurumidza (Fagerholm et al. 2014). Nekudaro, kudzidzisa kunotora nguva kubva kune anochengetedza munguva pfupi netarisiro yekuita kuti chirongwa chive chakasimba mukati menguva refu, saka zvakakosha kufunga kuti ndevapi vanodzokorora vapi vangave vakanaka kukwikwidza (Egbahl 2020).

Kuve nezvakanaka zvekutanga nyaya kana rubatsiro runodiwa mavara inzvimbo dzakanakisa dzekutanga nekuti idzi dzinobatsira vanhu kuwana chimwe chinhu chavanogona kushanda pachiri ivo vachidzidza zvakawanda nezve purojekiti, asi iwe unofanirwa kuisa imwe pfungwa mukugadzira nyaya idzi kuita chimwe chinhu chine ruzivo rwakakwana kune chitsva. vabatsiri kuti vashandise. Nyaya dzakanaka dzekutanga dzinofanirwa kunangana sechimwe chinhu chiri nyore icho mupi mutsva anogona kutora uye kupedzisa munguva pfupi kuti avabatsire kudzidza zvakawanda nezve maitiro ako ekupa. Mapepa anodiwa anogona kunge ari enyaya dzinenge dzichinyanya kubatanidzwa kuitira kuti vanhu vakatotanga kugovera vagowana chimwe chinhu chokushanda pachiri. Nyaya dzakanaka dzekutanga uye mabhii anodiwa anodiwa pamwe chete neakanaka madhairekitori anokubatsira iwe kuvaka pombi inogadzika yevanopa purojekiti yako.

Zvisineyi, nyaya dzakanaka dzekutanga nerubatsiro runodiwa zvikumbiro zvikumbiro zverubatsiro, saka ndinokurudzirawo vanochengeta kuti vatarise uye vataure nezve nzira dzinogona kubatsira vanhu. Kubvunza mumwe munhu kuti aongorore PR kana kupindura mubvunzo kubva kumushandisi zvinoratidza kuti unoziva hunyanzvi hwavo uye unoda rubatsiro rwavo. Kuziva kuti isu tinodiwa uye tinokosheswa kunoita kuti tinzwe zvakanaka, izvo zvinogona kuva kukurudzira kwakasimba kuti tibatsire kune yakavhurika sosi chirongwa kana kuramba uchipa. Kusvika kune mumwe munhu uye kubvuma basa rake uchivakurudzira kuita zvakawanda kunogona kukubatsira kutsvaga vanhu vanogona kutora mabasa anowedzera (semuenzaniso, muongorori kana muchengeti) mukati meprojekti yako. Usatya kusvika kune vashandisi vako vemagetsi kuwedzera kune vako vanokupa, uye kana ukashanda pane imwe kambani, unogona kushandisa hukama hwekambani yako nemamwe masangano kutsvaga vanhu vangave vanofarira kupa.

Kutsanangura mabasa uye mabasa evanopa, vanoongorora, uye vanochengeta vanogona kubatsira nekutora vanhu vatsva mumabasa aya. Zvinogona kubatsira kufunga nezvazvo sea contributor ladder uko vabatsiri vanogona kukwira kuti vave vaongorori uye avo vanoongorora vanogona kuve vachengeti. Chakakosha kunyora izvi uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti vanhu vanonzwisisa kuti vanogona sei kukwira manera uye kuwana mamwe mabasa mukati meprojekiti. Kufambisa vanhu vazhinji muzvigaro zvehutungamiriri, semuongorori uye muchengeti, zvinogona kubatsira kudzikisa chinhu chebhazi uye kuita kuti chirongwa chako chiwedzere kusimba nekufamba kwenguva.

Kubata pano uye nemametric mazhinji ndeyekuti isu hatidi kungofunga nezve vanhu vari kuita macode mipiro. Aya matangiro akanaka, asi iwe unofanirwawo kunge uchifunga nezve mafambisiro aungaita vanhu muzvinzvimbo zvehutungamiriri kuti vave nehanya nezvinhu zvingasaratidze muGitHub kana GitLab, senge zvinyorwa, manejimendi enharaunda, kushambadzira uye mamwe mabasa akakosha. Ichi ndicho chikonzero zvakakosha kuti utarisewo Marudzi eMipiro metric. Zvakajairika kuona vanochengeta vachirerutsa huwandu hwenguva inoshandiswa pane mamwe emabasa aya, uye kupinza vanhu vazhinji mune mamwe mabasa kunogona kuenderera mberi nekugovera basa uye kuwedzera mupiro kusimudzira.

Vagadziri vepurojekiti ine yakaderera Contributor Absence Factor, kunyanya kana vari ivo chete vanochengeta, vanofanirwa kuve neimwe mhando yehurongwa hwekutsiva panzvimbo. Pashoma mumwe munhu anofanirwa kuwana admin kune zvese zvinodiwa kugadzirisa software uye kushambadza zvinoburitswa (kusanganisira kushambadza kune akakodzera mapakeji maneja) pamwe nemagwaro ekuita izvi. Sezvineiwo, pane mumwe muchengeti papurojekiti anogona kugovera mabasa zvakaenzana uye atove nekuwana, hunyanzvi, uye ruzivo rwekuita mabasa ese epurojekiti, ndicho chikonzero nei nhaurirano dziri pamusoro pamusoro pekuvaka yako mupiro hwaro uye vanochengeta vanotora zvakakosha. . Kunyange zvisina kunaka, kune mumwe chete anochengetedza mapurojekiti kuronga kuteedzana kunogona kusanganisira kupa mukana uye zvinyorwa kune waunovimba naye kana shamwari. Chinokosha pakuronga kwekutevedzana ndechekuisa panzvimbo ikozvino, usati wafunga kuti unoida.

Nhanho yechinomwe: Tarisa Mibairo

Matarisiro aunoita zvabuda zvinoenderana nekuvandudzwa kwawafunga kuita. Kuramba uchitarisa aya matatu metrics kutanga kwakanaka. Kana iwe wakashandisa imwe data kubva kuChikamu 3, iwe unofanirwawo kutarisa iwo metrics.

Kana iwe uchitsvaga vabatsiri vatsva, vanobvumira, uye vagadziri, zvinogona kutora nguva kuti uone mhedzisiro yekuedza ikoko, saka unogona kusaona kuvandudzwa kwakakosha kwemwedzi mitatu kusvika kumitanhatu, saka uchafanirwa kutarisa izvi kwenguva yakareba. yenguva.

Kuchenjerera uye Kufunga

• Zvakakosha kuti ufunge nezvesimba revanhu iro rinogona kupesvedzera kusimba kwevabatsiri uye kubata vanhu netsitsi neruremekedzo paunenge uchishanda kuti uvandudze.

Kuwedzera Kuverenga

• Tine a short video (<3 maminetsi) akazvipira kune ino gwara pane CHAOSS YouTube chiteshi.
• CHAOSScast podcast chikamu nezvegwaro iri.
• CNCF ine akati wandei templates yekunyora zvakanaka CONTRIBUTING.md mutungamiri uye Contributor Ladder.
• The Responsiveness Practitioner Guide inewo mamwe mazano akafanana anogona kushanda kune vanopa kusimudzira.
• Kushanda Paruzhinji: Kugadzira uye Kugadziriswa kweOpen Source Software by Nadia eghbal ine akati wandei mazano akanaka uye mareferensi pane iyi nyaya muChitsauko 5, Kugadzirisa Mari Yekugadzira.

Feedback

Tinoda kuve nemhinduro yekudzidza zvakawanda nezve mashandisiro ari kuita vanhu maCHAOSS Practitioner Guides uye kuti tingaavandudza sei nekufamba kwenguva. Ndapota pedzisa izvi ongororo pfupi kupa mhinduro yako.

Vabatsiri

Vanhu vanotevera vakabatsira pagwaro iri:

• Dawn Foster
• Chan Voong
• Jeffrey Osier-Mixon
• Luis Cañas Díaz

References

• Avelino, G., Constantinou, E., Valente, MT, & Serebrenik, A. (2019, Gunyana). Pamusoro pekusiiwa uye kupona kweakavhurika sosi mapurojekiti: An empirical research. Muna 2019 ACM/IEEE International Symposium paEmpirical Software Engineering uye Measurement (ESEM) (pp. 1-12). IEEE.
• Eghbal, N. (2016). Migwagwa uye Mabhiriji: Basa Risingaonekwe Kuseri Kwedu Digital Infrastructure. New York, NY: Ford Foundation.
• Eghbal, N. (2020). Kushanda Paruzhinji: Kugadzira uye Kugadziriswa kweOpen Source Software. Stripe Press.
• Fagerholm, F., Guinea, AS, Münch, J., & Borenstein, J. (2014, September). Basa rekupa mazano uye hunhu hweprojekiti yekukwira mune yakavhurika sosi software mapurojekiti. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE international symposium on empirical software engineering and measurement (pp. 1-10).

CHAOSS Practitioner Guides vane MIT rezenisi, magwaro ekurarama, uye isu tinogamuchira mhinduro yako nekuisa. Unogona kurongera gwaro iri pa https://github.com/chaoss/wg-data-science/blob/main/practitioner-guides/contributor-sustainability.md